(3) Using some telecommunication or data access methods, a message can be the unit of information or data that is transmitted from one program or user to another.

(4) In messaging , which is the formal exchange of event notification, requests, or replies between programs through a messaging server , a message is data in a specified format that describes an event, a request, or a reply between programs.

(5) In object-oriented programming , a message is the way that one program object requests an action from another object. A message specifies the name of the object to which the request is made, the action (or method ) to be performed, and any parameter or value that needs to be specified for this request.

Conceptually, a message for an object that incorporates all the methods of a automatic vaccuum cleaner might look like this:

VacCleaner Chair Chair1LR

which would request the object VacCleaner to use its chair-cleaning procedure or method on “chair 1” in the living room.